The compilation of a unified list of computer viruses is made difficult because of naming. To aid the fight against computer viruses and other types of malicious software, many security advisory organizations and developers of anti-virussoftware compile and publish lists of viruses. When a new virus appears, the rush begins to identify and understand it as well as develop appropriate counter-measures to stop its propagation. Along the way, a name is attached to the virus. As the developers of anti-virus software compete partly based on how quickly they react to the new threat, they usually study and name the viruses independently. By the time the virus is identified, many names denote the same virus.
Another source of ambiguity in names is that sometimes a virus initially identified as a completely new virus is found to be a variation of an earlier known virus, in which cases, it is often renamed. For example, the second variation of the Sobig worm was initially called "Palyh" but later renamed "Sobig.b". Again, depending on how quickly this happens, the old name may persist.
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Scope[edit]
In terms of scope, there are two major variants: the list of "in-the-wild" viruses, which list viruses in active circulation, and lists of all known viruses, which also contain viruses believed not to be in active circulation (also called "zoo viruses"). The sizes are vastly different, in-the-wild lists contain a hundred viruses but full lists contain tens of thousands.
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| Virus | Alias(es) | Types | Subtype | Isolation Date | Isolation | Origin | Author | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1260 | V2Px | MS-DOS | Polymorphic | 1990 | First virus to use polymorphic encryption | |||||
| 4K | 4096 | MS-DOS | 1990-01 | The first virus to use stealth | ||||||
| 5lo | MS-DOS | 1992-10 | Infects .EXE files only | |||||||
| A and A | MS-DOS Windows 95/98 | |||||||||
| Abraxas | Abraxas5 | MS-DOS Windows 95/98 | 1993-04 | Europe | ARCV group | Infects COM file. Disk directory listing will be set to the system date and time when infection occurred. | ||||
| Acid | Acid.670, Acid.670a, Avatar.Acid.670, Keeper.Acid.670 | MS-DOS Windows 95/98 | 1992 | Corp-$MZU | Infects COM file. Disk directory listing will not be altered. | |||||
| Acme | DOS (Windows 95MS-DOS) | Upon executing infected EXE, this infects another EXE in current directory by making a hidden COM file with same base name. | ||||||||
| ABC | ABC-2378, ABC.2378, ABC.2905 | MS-DOS | 1992-10 | ABC causes keystrokes on the compromised machine to be repeated. | ||||||
| Actifed | MS-DOS | |||||||||
| Ada | MS-DOS | 1991-10 | Argentina | The Ada virus mainly targets .COM files, specifically COMMAND.COM. | ||||||
| Agena | Agena.723 | MS-DOS | 1992-09 | Spain | Infected programs will have a file length increase of 723 to 738 bytes | |||||
| AGI-Plan | Month 4-6 | MS-DOS | Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany | AGI-Plan is notable for reappearing in South Africa in what appeared to be an intentional re-release. | ||||||
| Ah | David-1173, Tuesday | MS-DOS | 1991-05 | Italy | Systems infected with Ah will experience frequent system hangs. | |||||
| AI | MS-DOS | |||||||||
| AIDS | AIDSB, Hahaha, Taunt | MS-DOS | 1990 | Dr. Joseph Popp | AIDS is the first virus known to exploit the MS-DOS "corresponding file" vulnerability. | |||||
| AIDS II | ||||||||||
| AirCop | Air cop-B, Red State | MS-DOS | 1990-01 | Infects the boot sector of floppy disks. | ||||||
| Alabama | Alabama.B | MS-DOS | 1989-10 | Hebrew University, Jerusalem | Files infected by Alabama increase in size by 1,560 bytes. | |||||
| Alcon[1] | RSY, Kendesm, Ken&Desmond, Ether | MS-DOS | 1997-12 | Overwrites random information on disk causing damage over time. | ||||||
| Ambulance | ||||||||||
| Anna Kournikova | Email VBScript | 2001-02-11 | Sneek, Netherlands | Jan de Wit | A Dutch court stated that US$166,000 in damages was caused by the worm. | |||||
| AntiCMOS | Due a bug in the virus code, the virus fails to erase CMOSinformation as intended. | |||||||||
| ARCV-n | MS-DOS | 1992-10/1992-11 | England, United Kingdom | ARCV Group | ARCV-n is a term for a large family of viruses written by the ARCV group. | |||||
| Bomber | CommanderBomber | MS-DOS | Bulgaria | Polymorphic virus which infects systems by inserting fragments of its code randomly into executable files. | ||||||
| Brain | Pakistani flu | 1986-01 | Lahore,Pakistan | Basit andAmjad Farooq Alvi | Considered to be the firstcomputer virus for the PC | |||||
| Byte Bandit | Amiga, Bootsector virus | 1988-01 | Swiss Cracking Association | It was one of the most feared Amiga viruses until the infamous Lamer Exterminator. | ||||||
| Christmas Tree | ||||||||||
| CIH | Chernobyl, Spacefiller | Windows 95/98/Me | June 1998 | Taiwan | Taiwan | Chen ing-Hau | Activates on April 26, in which it destroys partition tables, and tries to overwrite the BIOS. | |||
| Commwarrior | SymbianBluetoothworm | Famous for being the first worm to spread via MMS and Bluetooth. | ||||||||
| Creeper | TENEX operating system | 1971 | BobThomas | An experimental self-replicating program which gained access via the ARPANET and copied itself to the remote system. | ||||||
| Eliza | MS-DOS | 1991-12 | ||||||||
| Elk Cloner | Apple II | 1982 | Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, United States | Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, United States | Rich Skrenta | The first virus observed "in the wild" | ||||
| Form | MS-DOS | 1990 | Switzerland | A very common boot virus, triggers on the 18th of any month. | ||||||
| Graybird | Graybird P | |||||||||
| Hare | MS-DOS Windows 95,Windows 98 | 1996-08 | Famous for press coverage which blew its destructiveness out of proportion | |||||||
| ILOVEYOU | 2000-05-05 | Manila,Philippines | Reomel Ramores, Onel de Guzman | A computer worm that attacked tens of millions of Windowspersonal computers | ||||||
| INIT 1984 | Mac OS | 1992-03-13 | Malicious, triggered on Friday the 13th. | |||||||
| Jerusalem | DOS | 1987-10 | Jerusalem was initially very common and spawned a large number of variants. | |||||||
| Kama Sutra | Blackworm, Nyxem, and Blackmal | 2006-01-16 | Designed to destroy common files such as Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint documents. | |||||||
| Koko | DOS | 1991-03 | The payload of this virus activates on July 29 and February 15 and may erase data on the users hard drive | |||||||
| Lamer Exterminator | Amiga, Boot sector virus | 1989-10 | Germany | Random encryption, fills random sector with "LAMER" | ||||||
| MacMag | Drew, Bradow, Aldus, Peace | 1987-12 | ||||||||
| MDEF | Garfield, Top Cat | 1990-05 | ||||||||
| Melissa | Mailissa, Simpsons, Kwyjibo, Kwejeebo | Microsoft Word macro virus | 1999-03-26 | New Jersey, United States | David L. Smith | Part macro virus and part worm. Melissa, a MS Word-based macro that replicates itself through e-mail. | ||||
| Michelangelo | MS-DOS | 1991-02-04 | Australia | Ran March 6 (Michelangelo's birthday) | ||||||
| Navidad | 2000-12 | |||||||||
| Natas | Multipartite, stealth,Polymorphic | 1994 | "Priest" | |||||||
| nVIR | MODM, nCAM, nFLU, kOOL, Hpat, Jude | Mac OS | 1987 | nVIR has been known to 'hybridize' with different variants of nVIR on the same machine. | ||||||
| OneHalf | Slovak Bomber, Freelove or Explosion-II | MS-DOS | 1994 | Slovakia | Vyvojar | It is also known as one of the first viruses to implement a technique of "patchy infection" | ||||
| Ontario.1024 | ||||||||||
| Ontario.2048 | ||||||||||
| Ontario | SBC | MS-DOS | 1990-07 | Ontario, Canada | Death Angel | |||||
| Pikachu virus | 2000-06-28 | Asia | The Pikachu virus is believed to be the first computer virus geared at children. | |||||||
| Ping-pong | Boot, Bouncing Ball, Bouncing Dot, Italian, Italian-A, VeraCruz | Boot sector virus | Harmless to most computers | |||||||
| RavMonE.exe | RJump.A, Rajump, Jisx | Worm | 2006-06-20 | Once distributed in Apple iPods, but a Windows-only virus | ||||||
| SCA | Amiga, Boot sector virus | 1987-11 | Switzerland | Swiss Cracking Association | Puts a message on screen. Harmless except it might destroy a legitimate non-standard boot block. | |||||
| Scores | Eric, Vult, NASA, San Jose Flu | Mac OS | 1988 Spring | Designed to attack two specific applications which were never released. | ||||||
| Scott's Valley | MS-DOS | 1990-09 | Scotts Valley, California, United States | Infected files will contain the seemingly meaningless hex string 5E8BDE909081C63200B912082E. | ||||||
| SevenDust | 666, MDEF, 9806, Graphics Accelerator, SevenD | Mac OS | 1998 | |||||||
| Shankar's Virus | W97M.Marker.o | PolymorphicVirus | 1999-06-03 | Sam Rogers | Infects Word Documents | |||||
| Simile | Etap, MetaPHOR | Windows | Polymorphic | The Mental Driller | The metamorphic code accounts for around 90% of the virus' code | |||||
| SMEG engine | MS-DOS | Polymorphic | 1994 | United Kingdom | The Black Baron | Two viruses were created using the engine: Pathogen and Queeg. | ||||
| Stoned | 1987 | Wellington, New Zealand | One of the earliest and most prevalent boot sector viruses | |||||||
| Sunday | MS-DOS | Jerusalem.Sunday | 1989-11 | Seattle, Washington, United States | Because of an error in coding, the virus fails to execute its payload. | |||||
| TDL-4 | Botnet | JD virus | ||||||||
| Techno | MS-DOS | The virus plays a tune that was created by the author of the virus | ||||||||
| Whale | MS-DOS | Polymorphic | 1990-07-01 | Hamburg, Germany | R Homer | At 9216 bytes, was for its time the largest virus ever discovered. | ||||
| ZMist | ZMistfall, Zombie.Mistfall | Zombie.Mistfall | Z0mbie | It was the first virus to use a technique known as "code integration". |
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